Hardware Requirements

Recommendations based on BitTorrent traffic volume

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Examples of Hardware Configuration

Traffic CPU RAM OS Storage Network Max Peers
1 Gbps 8 cores 32 GB SSD 256 GB 2x SATA SSD 2x 1GbE ~1,000
10 Gbps 16 cores 64 GB SSD 512 GB 2x NVMe Gen3 2x 10GbE ~10,000
25 Gbps 32 cores 128 GB 2x512 GB RAID 4x NVMe Gen3 2x 25GbE ~25,000
50 Gbps 64 cores 256 GB 2x1 TB RAID 4x NVMe Gen4 4x 25GbE bond ~50,000
100 Gbps 128 cores 512 GB 2x1 TB RAID 8x NVMe Gen4 2x 100GbE ~100,000
Note: These configurations are provided as examples only. You should adapt the values based on your actual BitTorrent traffic volume and usage patterns.

Disk I/O Calculations

Formula (worst case - unique pieces):
Disk I/O = Network Throughput / Piece Size (256 KB) = Pieces/sec x 256 KB
Traffic Network Throughput Pieces/sec Required Disk I/O IOPS (random)
1 Gbps 125 MB/s 488 125 MB/s ~500
10 Gbps 1.25 GB/s 4,880 1.25 GB/s ~5,000
25 Gbps 3.1 GB/s 12,200 3.1 GB/s ~12,000
50 Gbps 6.25 GB/s 24,400 6.25 GB/s ~24,000
100 Gbps 12.5 GB/s 48,800 12.5 GB/s ~49,000

Disk Performance

Type Seq. Read Random Read IOPS Max Traffic Status
HDD 7200 RPM 150 MB/s 1-2 MB/s ~150 - Not recommended
SATA SSD 550 MB/s 400 MB/s ~90,000 1 Gbps OK
NVMe Gen3 3.5 GB/s 2.5 GB/s ~500,000 10 Gbps Recommended
NVMe Gen4 7 GB/s 5 GB/s ~1,000,000 25 Gbps Recommended
NVMe Gen5 14 GB/s 10 GB/s ~1,500,000 50 Gbps High performance

LRU Cache Impact

The LRU cache drastically reduces disk reads for popular content.

Very Popular Content

Hit Rate: 90-99%
/10 to /100

Disk I/O reduced by 10x to 100x

Mixed Content

Hit Rate: 50-70%
/2 to /3

Disk I/O reduced by 2x to 3x

Unique Content (worst case)

Hit Rate: 10-30%
~1x

Disk I/O nearly identical

Real-world example: With an 8GB LRU cache and popular content (90% hit rate), a server with a simple SATA SSD can handle 10 Gbps because actual disk I/O is only 125 MB/s instead of 1.25 GB/s.

Multi-Level Cache Architecture

Level Scope Function Size Latency
L1 - Connection Cache Per client Same piece, different blocks 256 KB < 1 ms
L2 - Global LRU Cache All clients Same piece, different clients 1-64 GB < 1 ms
L3 - NVMe Storage Persistent All pieces TB+ ~0.1 ms

Scaling Tips

Vertical Scaling

  • Add RAM for LRU cache
  • Upgrade to faster NVMe drives
  • Upgrade NIC (10G → 25G → 100G)
  • More CPU cores for parallelism

Horizontal Scaling

  • Cache cluster with sync
  • Hash-based load balancing
  • Read/write separation
  • Geo-distribution for latency